• Fertility: the incidence of childbearing in a country's population, measured using the crude birth rate, the number of live births in a given year for every 1,000 people in a population.
• Mortality: the incidence of death in a country's population, measured using the crude death rate, the number of deaths in a given year for every 1,000 people in a population.
• Infant mortality rate: the number of babies, of every 1,000 born, who die before their first birthday.