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Chapter 5. Environmental & Atmospheric Sciences - Environmental Geography And Geology
1
Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)
in
Environmental & Atmospheric Sciences
1. After the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991, the 15 newly independent republics had
strong economies.
2. Moscow's location near the headwaters of north- and south-flowing rivers and in the
forests helped to make it the center of Muscovy.
3. The czar who began the Westernization of Russia was Ivan the Terrible.
4. Collectivization attempted to make farmers like factory workers.
5. The collision of tectonic plates created high mountains and deep lakes.
environmental-geography-and-geology
1. FALSE
2. TRUE
3. FALSE
4. TRUE
5. TRUE
2
Widespread CHP technologies will result in
in
Environmental & Atmospheric Sciences
A) increased reliance on fossil fuels.
B) more on-site power generating systems in buildings.
C) increased reliance on large power plants.
D) a shift from fossil fuel to nuclear technologies.
environmental-geography-and-geology
B
3
Tsunamis, such as the one that hit Japan's east coast on March 11, 2011, are caused by
in
Environmental & Atmospheric Sciences
A. shifting plate margins
B. volcanic eruptions
C. an earthquake under the sea or ocean.
D. high velocity winds such as those that occur during typhoons.
environmental-geography-and-geology
C. an earthquake under the sea or ocean.
4
Frost forms when water vapor changes into ice without first becoming a liquid. Indicate whether the statement is true or false
in
Environmental & Atmospheric Sciences
environmental-geography-and-geology
true
5
The ability to feed the growing world population was addressed by the
in
Environmental & Atmospheric Sciences
A) Industrial Revolution.
B) Medical Revolution.
C) Green Revolution.
D) Environmental Revolution.
environmental-geography-and-geology
C
6
By what percentage has the Earth's population grown in the last 20 years?
in
Environmental & Atmospheric Sciences
A) 10% B) 20% C) 30% D) 40% E) 50%
environmental-geography-and-geology
Answer: C
7
What processes transport heat without moving matter?
in
Environmental & Atmospheric Sciences
A) convection and conduction
B) radiation and convection
C) radiation and conduction
D) radiation, conduction and convection
environmental-geography-and-geology
Answer: C
8
The extensive Australian grasslands support tens of millions of domesticated animals which account for up to one-fifth of the world's __________________.
in
Environmental & Atmospheric Sciences
What will be an ideal response?
environmental-geography-and-geology
wool production
9
Compare and contrast western and eastern North America during the Cenozoic Era
in
Environmental & Atmospheric Sciences
What will be an ideal response?
environmental-geography-and-geology
Answer: The western part of the continent was going through compression due to the Laramide Orogeny, uplifting the Rocky Mountains. After the subduction of the Farallon Plate ended (which had triggered this orogeny), the west went through extension, creating the Basin and Range Province. There were also the Tertiary Volcanic events at about the same time. The eastern part of the continent was fairly quiet, with erosion of the Appalachian Mountains and large-scale sediment deposition.
10
Wells are drilled into the subsurface to remove water from the unsaturated zone
in
Environmental & Atmospheric Sciences
Indicate whether this statement is true or false.
environmental-geography-and-geology
Answer: FALSE
11
Which one of the following ecosystem services has been enhanced most by humans?
in
Environmental & Atmospheric Sciences
A) Capture fisheries
B) Pollination
C) Crops
D) Wood fuel
environmental-geography-and-geology
C
12
________ describes the formation of one or more secondary magmas from a single parent magma
in
Environmental & Atmospheric Sciences
A) Magmatic differentiation
B) Hydrothermal alteration
C) Decompression melting
D) Partial melting
environmental-geography-and-geology
Answer: A
13
Which of the following Significant World earthquakes caused no casualties and little impact?
in
Environmental & Atmospheric Sciences
a. Alaska, U.S.A. 2002
b. Tangshan, China 1976
c. Loma Prieta, California, U.S.A. 1989
d. Kobe, Japan 1995
e. Christchurch, New Zealand 2011</p>
environmental-geography-and-geology
A
14
Which of the following human traits are typical of K-strategists?
in
Environmental & Atmospheric Sciences
A) Ability to outcompete other organisms
B) Potential for rapid population growth
C) Ability to relocate and thrive
D) Parental care of long duration
environmental-geography-and-geology
D
15
Sweden represents a nation in which
in
Environmental & Atmospheric Sciences
A) women tend to marry early and have large families.
B) women tend to marry late, enter the work force, and have access to significant social and medical services.
C) women are poorly educated and usually cannot find employment.
D) the population is characterized mostly by large numbers of people under the age of 25 and a much smaller elderly age group.
environmental-geography-and-geology
B
16
Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)
in
Environmental & Atmospheric Sciences
1. Africa South of the Sahara is the world's materially poorest region.
2. In many parts of Africa, people of different religious beliefs live together peaceably.
3. Europeans justified enslaving Africans because they believed that Africans were of an
inferior race.
4. Present-day boundaries in Africa are determined by distribution of African ethnic groups.
5. Angola and Mozambique suffered from civil war after independence from Britain.
environmental-geography-and-geology
1. TRUE
2. TRUE
3. TRUE
4. FALSE
5. FALSE
17
Which of the following will contribute to water conservation?
in
Environmental & Atmospheric Sciences
A) washing dishes by hand
B) using aerial sprays for crop irrigation
C) planting non-native wetland plants for landscaping
D) watering lawns during peak sunlight hours, when plants need water most
E) watering lawns at night, using low-flow faucets, and landscaping with native plants
environmental-geography-and-geology
Answer: E
18
What is the basic difference between the Archean and the Proterozoic? What will be an ideal response?
in
Environmental & Atmospheric Sciences
environmental-geography-and-geology
The Archean was much hotter, so crustal evolution was different.
19
In a region where severe thunderstorms with tornadoes are forming, one would not expect toobserve:a
in
Environmental & Atmospheric Sciences
a strong ridge of high pressure over the region.
b. a dry tongue of cold air between the 700 and 500 mb levels.
c. the polar jet stream above the region.
d. moist warm air moving north at about the 850 mb level.</p>
environmental-geography-and-geology
a
20
Which of the following zones has the greatest seismic activity on Earth?
in
Environmental & Atmospheric Sciences
A) Circum-Pacific Belt
B) Alpine-Himalayan Belt
C) San Andreas Fault
D) Mid-Atlantic Ridge
environmental-geography-and-geology
Answer: A
21
Between 2002 and 2008, the number of curbside recycling programs have grown enormously. Indicate whether the statement is true or false
in
Environmental & Atmospheric Sciences
environmental-geography-and-geology
F
22
Composite cones are famous for their conical shapes with steep summits, sloping flanks, and broad base
in
Environmental & Atmospheric Sciences
How might the composition of eruptive materials have changed for the volcano to transition from something with a broad base to something with a smaller base and steeper slopes?
What will be an ideal response?
environmental-geography-and-geology
Answer: Early eruptive stages usually consist of lava flows that flow greater distances from the vent than later in the volcano's history. This process creates the broader base. As the volcano matures, lavas become more viscous, creating shorter, thicker flows that can create steeper slopes in the summit area. When pyroclastic materials are erupted, coarser materials fall closest to the crater and get finer farther away. This process helps to flatten the cone's flanks.
23
Water vapor is often the most abundant dissolved gas within magma. What best describes the source of water in gas-rich magmas?
in
Environmental & Atmospheric Sciences
A. heavy rainfall in tropical areas
B. shallow groundwater circulating through continental crustal rocks
C. water-rich sediment in subduction zones
D. seepage of seawater into oceanic crustal rocks
E. all of the answers listed here
environmental-geography-and-geology
Answer: C
24
Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: Clay minerals are the most
in
Environmental & Atmospheric Sciences
important minerals in soils BECAUSE clays adsorb a great deal of water and plant nutrients due to a
high surface area to volume ratio.
a. The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.
b. The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid.
c. The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect.
d. The assertion is incorrect, but the reason is correct.
e. Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.</p>
environmental-geography-and-geology
A
25
In some mountain belts the crust breaks into fault-bounded blocks resulting in ________ mountain ranges.
in
Environmental & Atmospheric Sciences
A. extensional
B. extremely high
C. isostatically adjusted
D. metamorphic
E. fault-block
environmental-geography-and-geology
Answer: E
26
With few exceptions, inorganic compounds do not have
in
Environmental & Atmospheric Sciences
A) carbon-hydrogen bonds or carbon-carbon bonds.
B) nitrogen-oxygen bonds or carbon-oxygen bonds.
C) hydrogen-nitrogen bonds or carbon-oxygen bonds.
D) potassium-sodium bonds or hydrogen-chlorine bonds.
environmental-geography-and-geology
A
27
Which action would geologists take in order to determine the Richter magnitude of an earthquake?
in
Environmental & Atmospheric Sciences
A) analyze seismic instrument readouts
B) take core samples at several spots and from different distances from the epicenter
C) assess financial costs of rebuilding roads, buildings, and public areas in the quake zone
D) interview people who experienced the quake
environmental-geography-and-geology
Answer: A
28
Mikhail Gorbachev highlighted the concept of glasnost, which means
in
Environmental & Atmospheric Sciences
A. economic restructuring
B. military strength
D. agricultural reclamation
environmental-geography-and-geology
C. informational openness
29
The term demographic transition refers to ________
in
Environmental & Atmospheric Sciences
A) the slowing down in the growth of a population as it approaches it biocapacity
B) the slowing down in the growth of a population as it approaches the carrying capacity
C) the decline in death rates followed by a decline in birth rates that occurred because sanitation levels in areas improved
D) the decline in death rates and subsequent decline in birth rates that occur as a country economically develops
E) a requirement for a population to reach a specific size before it becomes stable
environmental-geography-and-geology
Answer: D
30
________ is faster than ground water flow
in
Environmental & Atmospheric Sciences
A) Sediment accumulation
B) Stream flow
C) River valley erosion
D) The rise of mountains
environmental-geography-and-geology
Answer: B
31
Compared to the windward side, the leeward side of a mountain range will most likely have
in
Environmental & Atmospheric Sciences
A) lower levels of transpiration and precipitation.
B) higher levels of precipitation and lower levels of transpiration.
C) higher levels of humidity.
D) lower levels of sunshine.
environmental-geography-and-geology
A
32
Which of the following is a uniquely human trait?
in
Environmental & Atmospheric Sciences
A) Ability to regulate our reproduction
B) Long term parental care of offspring
C) Communication between members of a species
D) Storage of food during cold or dry periods
environmental-geography-and-geology
A
33
Clay particles are important to soil development because they allow water and gases to enter soil. Indicate whether the statement is true or false
in
Environmental & Atmospheric Sciences
environmental-geography-and-geology
F
34
Choose the option that sequences the loads in order from smallest particles to largest
in
Environmental & Atmospheric Sciences
A) dissolved, bed, suspended
B) dissolved, suspended, bed
C) suspended, dissolved, bed
D) suspended, bed, dissolved
environmental-geography-and-geology
Answer: B
35
The main coffee-producing area of Brazil is
in
Environmental & Atmospheric Sciences
A. The Northeast
B. The South
C. The Sertao around Brasilia
D. The Amazon basin
environmental-geography-and-geology
B. The South
36
In a cross-section of a glacier, the greatest flow velocities occur:a
in
Environmental & Atmospheric Sciences
at the surface.
b. in the few tens of meters below the surface.
c. in the few tens of meters above the base.
d. at the base.
e. in the center of the flow.</p>
environmental-geography-and-geology
B
37
What kind of geothermal feature is visible in this image?
in
Environmental & Atmospheric Sciences
A) Hot spring
B) Artesian well
C) Geyser
D) Subsidence
environmental-geography-and-geology
Answer: C
38
The type of chain reaction in which the extra neutrons are prevented from undergoing fission to produce more U235 atoms in a nuclear reactor is a
in
Environmental & Atmospheric Sciences
A) self-amplifying chain reaction that is used in most U.S. nuclear power plants.
B) self-amplifying chain reaction that could lead to a nuclear explosion.
C) sustaining chain reaction using control rods, like that used in most U.S. nuclear power plants.
D) sustaining reaction without control rods, which could lead to a meltdown.
environmental-geography-and-geology
C
39
What are the expected results of sending at least 50% of children in a developing country to secondary schools?
in
Environmental & Atmospheric Sciences
A) Increased fertility and larger families
B) Population shifts from urban to rural communities
C) Decreased reliance upon urban transportation
D) Healthier children, less poverty, and decreased fertility
environmental-geography-and-geology
D
40
The International Whaling Commission moratorium on whale hunting has been in effect since 1986 primarily because
in
Environmental & Atmospheric Sciences
A) enforcing and monitoring hunting in the vast open oceans is very difficult.
B) virtually all species of whales are classified as endangered species.
C) of a worldwide recognition of the tourism value of whales.
D) of viral infections that make all whale meat unsuitable for human consumption.
environmental-geography-and-geology
A
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