Virtual teams are groups of geographically and/or organizationally dispersed coworkers who use a combination of telecommunications and information technologies to accomplish an organizational task. In other words, members of virtual teams rarely meet face to face. The idea of virtual teams is relatively new and has been made possible by advances in communications and technology, such as e-mail, the World Wide Web, videoconferencing, and other products. Virtual teams can be employee involvement teams, self-managing teams, or nearly any kind of team discussed in Chapter 10 . Virtual teams are often (but not necessarily) temporary teams that are set up to accomplish a specific task. The characteristics of virtual teams make them an excellent asset for use in global organizations, where individual workers may need to collaborate, but are separated by both time zones and great distances. Thus, it can be speculated that global organizations will make increasing use of virtual teams in an attempt to gain or maintain competitive advantage in the future.
The following paragraph applies the text description of virtual teams to the work context of global organizations to provide support for the above speculation, and represents a minimal approach to an acceptable answer to this question. Better answers will include this material, but go beyond it to give real or logical examples of virtual teams working effectively in global organizations, or to generate other applications and insights beyond those directly implied by the text.
The principal advantage of virtual teams is that they are very flexible. Employees can work with each other, regardless of physical location, time zone, or organizational affiliation. Thus, they are likely to become much more prevalent in global organizations, to overcome these barriers. Because the team members don't meet in a physical location, one of the unique qualities of virtual teams is that it is much easier to include other key stakeholders, such as suppliers and customers. This can be a particularly strong advantage to a global organization, which potentially faces considerably greater diversity in both suppliers and customers. Plus, virtual teams have certain efficiency advantages over traditional team structures. Because the teammates do not meet face to face, the time commitment involved in participating in a virtual team is typically not as great as for a traditional team. Moreover, employees can fulfill the responsibilities of their virtual team membership from the comfort of their own offices, without the travel time or downtime typically required by "real" face-to-face meetings. This final advantage is a crucial factor for global organizations, where considerable travel time for face-to-face meetings is a very real and significant organizational cost.