Characteristics of each model:
⦁ Epstein: overlapping spheres of influence, six keys—parenting, communicating, volunteering, learning at home, decision making, collaborating with community, basis for national PTA standards
⦁ Coleman: social capital, importance of home environment on test scores, communities, obligations and expectations, norms and sanctions, and information-flow
⦁ Cochran: parent empowerment, all parents want what is best for their children, all parents want to be good parents, parents are children’s first and most important teachers, empowerment skills include understanding, sensitive communication, life balance, understanding diversity, valuing family strengths, supporting families, home visits, conferencing, collaboration
⦁ Moll: cultural competence requires a look beyond the classroom, funds of knowledge instead of a deficit view, teacher awareness of own prejudices, cultural variations in parenting and communication styles