Doing a thorough investigation of the outdoor area of the early childhood education environment and managing it for pest control are essential. Standing water is especially critical for keeping down the population of mosquitoes that can carry the West Nile virus because young children are especially at risk. Checking for standing water includes flower pots, buckets, old tires, water tables, and bird baths. Those things that hold water, such as the bird baths and water tables, should have the water changed frequently to avoid giving mosquitoes the opportunity to breed. If pest access to water, food, and shelter is removed, it is much less likely that they will inhabit the area. Another consideration is to inspect buildings for structural gaps where wasps could gather. Choose the least toxic alternatives to control pests. This may mean restricting food consumption to only one outdoor area, storing food in containers with tightly fitting lids ,and cleaning garbage cans regularly. If food is consumed outside it should be covered. IPM can also include keeping vegetation at least 1 foot away from structures and using physical traps for pests that are placed out of reach of the children (Rose, 2006). If chemicals must be used it is important to consult a licensed professional who understands IPM and the risks that chemicals can have to young children.