Chapter 2, Philosophy & Belief - Introduction To Philosophy

1

The tradition of modern rationalism was developed by British philosophers

2

The actions of man are never _______

3

Sartre uses the phrase "existence precedes essence" to point out that

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Every state must:

5

Identify the sample OR population of the following inductive generalization. You may assume that the premises in each of the arguments are true. All three times I've been to Sam's apartment, he had laundry and magazines strewn all over the floor. So it's likely his place will be a mess when we meet there for our study group tonight. What is the population?

6

A person who argues that the statement "God created the world" is meaningless might be one who

7

Ken Ham denies that evolution is a fact because:

8

Heraclitus was a Chinese sage

9

Two competing impulses struggle to control the direction of any society

10

"There has been a dramatic increase in petty crime recently, therefore we should reintroduce hanging as a form of execution" is an example of a/n _____fallacy

11

What are the two forms of physicalism?

- Physicalism: all mental states are explainable in terms of physical brain states; there is no separate, immaterial "self."
- Functionalism: Mental states (beliefs, desires, being in pain, etc.) are constituted solely by their functional roleâ€"that is, they cause other mental states, sensory inputs, and behavioral outputs. Jerry Fodor takes behaviorism farther, pointing out that mental events, activities, or processes form connections between sensory stimulus and behavioral response.
- Eliminative Materialism: Our ordinary, commonsense understanding of the mind is deeply wrong and that some or all of the mental states posited by common sense do not actually exist. Paul Churchland says that the usual terms that describe mental states are "folk psychology"; we need a new vocabulary and conceptual framework grounded in neuroscience.

12

According to Marx, economic systems are built upon the foundation of philosophical theories

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Searle's Chinese Room argument is a challenge to behaviorism and functionalism.

14

According to Russell, the questions of philosophy are more important than the answers

15

According to Aristotle, what made Oedipus Rex and Medea great works of art was that

16

The claim that behavior is always controlled by belief about what is good and the means to that good is

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Gaunilo’s point concerning the island is that

18

Kant felt that reason was unreliable

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The basic idea underlying Plato's understanding of the nature of reality is that ideas are more real than the objects that present themselves to our senses

20

John Locke suggested two kinds of qualities that had to be distinguished. What

21

Locke's Trapped Conversationalist thought experiment provides an example of an action that is

22

What philosopher argued that reality can be explained in terms of the smallest pieces of matter he called atoms?

23

Jaspers referred to paradigmatic individuals

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What creates truth, according to James?

25

Identify the sample OR population of the following inductive generalization. You may assume that the premises in each of the arguments are true. Four out of my five professors this semester are men. Therefore, it's probably the case that most professors are men. What is the sample?

26

Some Buddhists would say that the idea of a God separate from the universe makes no sense at all

27

Which of the following does NOT correctly state one of the four dimensions of ethical narratives?

28

For Aristotle, happiness is a quality of life

29

What is the difference between the concepts of God as transcendent and God as immanent?

30

In parts of Asia, a wise person was known as a

31

By embracing the universe and shutting off negative emotions, the Stoics claimed that a state of enlightenment could be reached that they called:

32

Hobbes claimed that everything in the world consists of:

33

The premise "No tigers are vegetarians" is a negative proposition.

34

Thomas Hobbes believed that people

35

According to eliminative materialism, zombies (creatures with no feelings) could

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Kant believed that pure reason attempted to lend unity to experience by synthesizing events into a cosmos

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Alienation, according to Marx, is the condition of being at war with:

38

Premises are relevant if they have no bearing on the truth of the conclusion.

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An attempt to prove the existence of God by referring to the meaning of the word God is

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When an argument is propositional, entailment hinges on

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Stoics claim that a good life requires a rational understanding of nature because understanding nature allows us to

42

Primary qualities are NOT inherent in the objects

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Human progress, according to Marcuse, consists of transforming surplus repression into necessary repression

44

Calvin Coolidge apparently embraced the view that life is an investment when he said

45

When Aquinas talks about the four laws, he is referring to

46

Thomas Reid used the transitivity of memories as a basis to

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Chapter 2, Philosophy & Belief - Introduction To Philosophy

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