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Quiz Step by Step 4- Anatomy & Physiology - Anatomy And Physiology
1
The _____ zone includes the alveoli, while the _______ zone includes the trachea.
in
Anatomy & Physiology
A. conducting; respiratory
B. transport; ventilation
C. respiratory; conducting
D. ventilation; transport
anatomy-and-physiology
Answer: C. respiratory; conducting
2
For what metabolic reason does respiration occur?
in
Anatomy & Physiology
A. Solely to increase blood O2 levels
B. To supply cells with O2 for ATP synthesis and to remove CO2 from the blood
C. To offload metabolic toxins from body fluids
D. To decrease blood O2 and increase blood CO2
anatomy-and-physiology
Answer: B. To supply cells with O2 for ATP synthesis and to remove CO2 from the blood
3
Hypertension can decrease cardiac output by directly causing an increase in:
in
Anatomy & Physiology
A. end systolic volume.
B. end diastolic volume.
C. stroke volume.
D. all three volumes above.
anatomy-and-physiology
Answer: A. end systolic volume.
4
The most important factor for stretching cardiac muscle is:
in
Anatomy & Physiology
A. heart rate.
B. end systolic volume.
C. end diastolic volume.
D. stroke volume.
anatomy-and-physiology
Answer: C. end diastolic volume.
5
The parasympathetic nervous system decreases heart rate by:
in
Anatomy & Physiology
A. releasing norepinephrine.
B. opening sodium gates.
C. closing sodium gates.
D. opening potassium gates.
anatomy-and-physiology
Answer: D. opening potassium gates.
6
An increase in end diastolic volume would have which effect on cardiac output?
in
Anatomy & Physiology
A. Increase
B. Decrease
C. No effect
D. Varies from person to person
anatomy-and-physiology
Answer: A. Increase
7
The amount of blood pumped out of each ventricle in one minute is called:
in
Anatomy & Physiology
A. stroke volume.
B. cardiac output.
C. cardiac reserve.
D. end diastolic volume.
anatomy-and-physiology
Answer: B. cardiac output.
8
An increase in heart rate by the sympathetic nervous system is a:
in
Anatomy & Physiology
A. positive inotropic effect.
B. negative inotropic effect.
C. positive chronotropic effect.
D. negative chronotropic effect.
anatomy-and-physiology
Answer: C. positive chronotropic effect.
9
Blood flow during ventricular filling is most dependent upon ________.
in
Anatomy & Physiology
A. pressure changes
B. pumping actions
C. concentration gradients
D. the conduction system
anatomy-and-physiology
Answer: A. pressure changes
10
The greatest decrease in ventricular pressure occurs at this time.
in
Anatomy & Physiology
A. Isovolumetric contraction
B. Isovolumetric relaxation
C. Ventricular systole
D. Ventricular filling
anatomy-and-physiology
Answer: B. Isovolumetric relaxation
11
During which part of the cardiac cycle would pressure in the ventricle be at its lowest?
in
Anatomy & Physiology
A. Mid-diastole
B. Isovolumetric contraction
C. Ventricular ejection
D. Late systole
anatomy-and-physiology
Answer: A. Mid-diastole
12
The lub-dup heart sounds heard during auscultation of the heart are associated with:
in
Anatomy & Physiology
A. the SA node firing.
B. the heart valves opening.
C. the heart valves closing.
D. blood flowing from the atria to the ventricles.
anatomy-and-physiology
Answer: C. the heart valves closing.
13
All four heart valves are closed during this time.
in
Anatomy & Physiology
A. All of ventricular systole
B. All of ventricular diastole
C. Ventricular ejection
D. Isovolumetric contraction
anatomy-and-physiology
Answer: D. Isovolumetric contraction
14
Nerve impulses are directly supplied to the papillary muscles by the:
in
Anatomy & Physiology
A. SA node.
B. Purkinje fibers.
C. AV node.
D. bundle of His.
anatomy-and-physiology
Answer: B. Purkinje fibers.
15
Atrial repolarization occurs during this period of time, seen on an EKG.
in
Anatomy & Physiology
A. P wave
B. QRS complex
C. T wave
D. S-T segment
anatomy-and-physiology
Ans: A. P wave
16
The entire ventricular myocardium is depolarized during this time on an EKG.
in
Anatomy & Physiology
A. S-T segment
B. Q-T interval
C. QRS complex
D. T wave
anatomy-and-physiology
Answer: C. QRS complex
17
Deoxygenated blood from the myocardium enters the right atrium through the:
in
Anatomy & Physiology
A. cardiac veins.
B. coronary arteries.
C. coronary sinus.
D. superior vena cava.
anatomy-and-physiology
Answer: C. coronary sinus.
18
The bundle of His is located here.
in
Anatomy & Physiology
A. Interatrial septum
B. Interventricular septum
C. Floor of the right atrium
D. Apex of the heart
anatomy-and-physiology
Answer: B. Interventricular septum
19
This area is known as the pacemaker of the heart.
in
Anatomy & Physiology
A. AV node
B. SA node
C. Bundle of His
D. Purkinje fibers
anatomy-and-physiology
Answer: B. SA node
20
Blood is prevented from flowing back into the left ventricle by the:
in
Anatomy & Physiology
A. aortic semilunar valve.
B. tricuspid valve.
C. pulmonary semilunar valve.
D. mitral valve.
anatomy-and-physiology
Answer: D. mitral valve.
21
Blood being pumped out of the left ventricle enters the:
in
Anatomy & Physiology
A. pulmonary artery.
B. aorta.
C. coronary sinus.
D. venae cavae.
anatomy-and-physiology
Answer: B. aorta.
22
All oxygenated blood returns to the heart via the:
in
Anatomy & Physiology
A. pulmonary artery.
B. pulmonary veins.
C. aorta.
D. venae cavae.
anatomy-and-physiology
Answer: B. pulmonary veins.
23
Blood is carried to the heart by these vessels.
in
Anatomy & Physiology
A. Arteries
B. Veins
C. Auricles
D. Capillaries
anatomy-and-physiology
Answer: B. Veins
24
All of these structures can be identified in the ventricles except:
in
Anatomy & Physiology
A. trabeculae carneae.
B. papillary muscles.
C. pectinate muscles.
D. chordae tendineae.
anatomy-and-physiology
Ans: C. pectinate muscles.
25
The anterior surface of the heart consists mostly of this chamber.
in
Anatomy & Physiology
A. Right atrium
B. Left atrium
C. Right ventricle
D. Left ventricle
anatomy-and-physiology
Answer: D. Left ventricle
26
These structures prevent prolapse of the atrioventricular valves.
in
Anatomy & Physiology
A. Chordae tendineae
B. Crista terminalis
C. Trabeculae carneae
D. Intercalated discs
anatomy-and-physiology
Answer: A. Chordae tendineae
27
Cardiac muscle tissue is found in which layer of the heart?
in
Anatomy & Physiology
A. Endocardium
B. Myocardium
C. Epicardium
D. Pericardium
anatomy-and-physiology
Answer: B. Myocardium
28
This valve is found between the right atrium and the right ventricle.
in
Anatomy & Physiology
A. Mitral
B. Tricuspid
C. Bicuspid
D. Semilunar
anatomy-and-physiology
Answer: B. Tricuspid
29
This condition is caused by abnormal hemoglobin.
in
Anatomy & Physiology
A. Pernicious anemia
B. Thalassemia
C. Polycythemia
D. Erythroblastosis fetalis
anatomy-and-physiology
Answer: B. Thalassemia
30
If Sarah has A positive blood, she may receive blood from all of the following except:
in
Anatomy & Physiology
A. O positive.
B. O negative.
C. A negative.
D. AB positive.
anatomy-and-physiology
Answer: D. AB positive.
31
Karen has AB negative blood. Which blood types can receive Karen's blood?
in
Anatomy & Physiology
A. O negative
B. B negative
C. AB positive
D. Both b and c
anatomy-and-physiology
Answer: C. AB positive
32
The universal recipient is _______.
in
Anatomy & Physiology
A. O positive
B. O negative
C. B negative
D. AB positive
anatomy-and-physiology
Answer: D. AB positive
33
If John has O positive blood, he will have which of the following antibodies in his blood?
in
Anatomy & Physiology
A. Anti-Rh
B. Anti-A
C. Anti-B
D. Both anti-A and anti-B
anatomy-and-physiology
Answer: D. Both anti-A and anti-B
34
Which enzyme converts fibrinogen into fibrin?
in
Anatomy & Physiology
A. Thrombin
B. Thromboplastin
C. ADP
D. Plasmin
anatomy-and-physiology
Answer: A. Thrombin
35
The most common blood type in the United States is _________.
in
Anatomy & Physiology
A. A
B. B
C. AB
D. O
anatomy-and-physiology
Answer: D. O
36
Platelets release this substance, which contributes to vascular spasms.
in
Anatomy & Physiology
A. ADP
B. Prothrombin
C. Serotonin
D. Factor III
anatomy-and-physiology
Answer: C. Serotonin
37
The protein backbone of a blood clot is ________.
in
Anatomy & Physiology
A. thrombin
B. fibrin
C. plasmin
D. heparin
anatomy-and-physiology
Ans: B. fibrin
38
Platelets are fragments of which cells?
in
Anatomy & Physiology
A. Megakaryocytes
B. Reticulocytes
C. Leukocytes
D. Thrombocytes
anatomy-and-physiology
Ans: A. Megakaryocytes
39
These cells can enter the tissues as macrophages and are important in chronic infections.
in
Anatomy & Physiology
A. Monocytes
B. Eosinophils
C. Neutrophils
D. Basophils
anatomy-and-physiology
Answer: A. Monocytes
40
The immediate response to blood vessel damage is a ________.
in
Anatomy & Physiology
A. platelet plug
B. blood clot
C. vascular spasm
D. fibrinolysis
anatomy-and-physiology
Answer: C. vascular spasm
41
Some of these cells become plasma cells that can produce antibodies.
in
Anatomy & Physiology
A. Monocytes
B. Eosinophils
C. Neutrophils
D. Lymphocytes
anatomy-and-physiology
Ans: D. Lymphocytes
42
These cells contain histamine and are the least numerous of the circulating white blood cells.
in
Anatomy & Physiology
A. Monocytes
B. Eosinophils
C. Neutrophils
D. Basophils
anatomy-and-physiology
Answer: D. Basophils
43
These cells are important in fighting parasitic infections.
in
Anatomy & Physiology
A. Monocytes
B. Eosinophils
C. Neutrophils
D. Lymphocytes
anatomy-and-physiology
Answer: A. Monocytes
44
What percentage of our blood is plasma?
in
Anatomy & Physiology
A. 90%
B. 55%
C. 45%
D. 65%
anatomy-and-physiology
Answer: B. 55%
45
The buffy coat contains ________.
in
Anatomy & Physiology
A. leukocytes
B. erythrocytes
C. platelets
D. both leukocytes and platelets
anatomy-and-physiology
Answer: D. both leukocytes and platelets
46
A person with endemic goiter suffers from:
in
Anatomy & Physiology
A. a hypofunctioning adrenal gland.
B. a hyperfunctioning adrenal gland.
C. a hypofunctioning thyroid gland.
D. a hyperfunctioning thyroid gland.
anatomy-and-physiology
Answer: C. a hypofunctioning thyroid gland.
47
Exophthalmos is a sign of hypersecretion of this hormone.
in
Anatomy & Physiology
A. Parathormone
B. Calcitonin
C. GH
D. Thyroxine
anatomy-and-physiology
Answer: D. Thyroxine
48
Hypoglycemia is a problem with which hormone?
in
Anatomy & Physiology
A. Insulin
B. Glucagon
C. Calcitonin
D. Parathormone
anatomy-and-physiology
Answer: A. Insulin
49
Acromegaly is a result of hypersecretion of this hormone.
in
Anatomy & Physiology
A. Thyroxine
B. Cortisone
C. Growth hormone
D. Parathormone
anatomy-and-physiology
Answer: C. Growth hormone
50
Hormones are secreted in response to all of the following stimuli except:
in
Anatomy & Physiology
A. neuronal.
B. humoral.
C. hormonal.
D. up-regulation.
anatomy-and-physiology
Answer: D. up-regulation.
51
The anterior pituitary stimulates other endocrine organs by secreting a group of hormones called ___________.
in
Anatomy & Physiology
A. releasing factors
B. tropic hormones
C. relay proteins
D. target hormones
anatomy-and-physiology
Answer: B. tropic hormones
52
An excess of hormones in the blood may cause target organs to decrease the number of receptors for that hormone in a process called __________.
in
Anatomy & Physiology
A. negative feedback
B. receptor inhibition
C. down-regulation
D. positive feedback
anatomy-and-physiology
Answer: C. down-regulation
53
Which area of the brain regulates the endocrine system?
in
Anatomy & Physiology
A. Cerebral cortex
B. Thalamus
C. Hypothalamus
D. Neurohypophysis
anatomy-and-physiology
Answer: C. Hypothalamus
54
The target organ of thyrotropin-releasing hormone is the _______.
in
Anatomy & Physiology
A. anterior pituitary gland
B. posterior pituitary gland
C. hypothalamus
D. thyroid gland
anatomy-and-physiology
Ans: D. thyroid gland
55
This hormone stimulates osteoblasts.
in
Anatomy & Physiology
A. ACTH
B. Aldosterone
C. Calcitonin
D. Parathormone
anatomy-and-physiology
Answer: C. Calcitonin
56
The epiphyseal plate is the target organ of this hormone.
in
Anatomy & Physiology
A. GH
B. ACTH
C. Parathormone
D. Glucagon
anatomy-and-physiology
Ans: A. GH
57
The hormone produced by the pancreas that increases blood glucose levels is _______.
in
Anatomy & Physiology
A. insulin
B. glucagon
C. cortisone
D. ACTH
anatomy-and-physiology
Answer: B. glucagon
58
Endocrine glands differ from exocrine glands because they don't:
in
Anatomy & Physiology
A. have a blood supply.
B. have ducts.
C. secrete chemical messengers.
D. have cells.
anatomy-and-physiology
Answer: B. have ducts.
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