Answer: Surveys refer to data collection efforts that measure responses from a representative subset of a larger group of people. They can be conducted in person, over the phone, by mail or email, or online. Designing and conducting a meaningful survey requires thorough knowledge of statistical techniques, such as sampling, to ensure valid results that truly represent the larger group. For this reason, many of the simple surveys that you see online these days do not produce statistically valid results.
One-on-one or group discussions try to probe deeper into issues than a survey typically does. Focus groups involve a small number of people guided by a facilitator while being observed or recorded by researchers. Unlike surveys, interviews and focus groups are not designed to collect statistics that represent a larger group; their real value is in uncovering issues that might require further study.