Quiz Preview 5; Psychology - Developmental Psychology

Which of the following statements about the factors related to depression is true?

Which of the following is more common in adolescent boys than in adolescent girls?

In the event that two monozygotic twins demonstrate noticeable psychological differences later in life, this is likely the result of pre-zygote influences

4

A physician would likely suspect _____ syndrome if a seemingly healthy infant dies in its sleep

5

If Jake is an adolescent who is known for taking extreme risks, research would suggest that he is also likely to have all of the following EXCEPT:

6

During adolescence, neurological overproduction, or synaptic exuberance, happens throughout the brain; however, it is especially found in the __________.

7

Daniella is 4 years old. She likely uses correct grammar in __________ of her statements.

8

Stanley and Barbara are talking about how they can teach their children, Andrew and Christine, to be more prosocial. They decide that this weekend they are going to take their children to a local food kitchen and they are going to volunteer as a family. After they do so, the children both ask when they can go back and help again. In this case, Stanley and Barbara have helped inspire prosocial behavior through

9

T.G.R. Bower held a constructivist view of sensory perception

10

Mrs. Duncan is a second grade teacher who applies Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences in her classroom. Which of the following is she most likely to do?

11

Shelly is a 46-year-old woman whose menstrual cycle has changed and is now more irregular and infrequent. Which term BEST describes Shelly's condition?

12

Most college students attend colleges far from home in order to achieve autonomy.

13

What does applied research contribute to?

14

Explain the results of Albert Bandura's experiment involving a Bobo doll, and note how it illustrates the social learning approach to understanding aggression.

A good answer would include the following key points:
- One group of preschool-age children watched a film of an adult playing aggressively with a Bobo doll, whereas another group of children watched a film of an adult playing calmly with Tinkertoys.
- The children were later induced to experience frustration by being refused the opportunity to play with their favorite toy.
- When the children were given access to the Bobo doll and the Tinkertoys they children modeled the behavior of the adult they had observed.
- Those children who witnessed the aggressive model were more aggressive when playing, whereas those children who witnessed the less aggressive adult were less aggressive when playing.
- Bandura's experiments provided a clear demonstration that observation of a model can contribute to adoption of model's behavior.

15

When a physician intentionally provides a dying individual with information and means to end his or her life, and the individual then actually uses that information and means to end his or her life, the situation is an example of

16

Comas are most likely to be reversible when the coma is due to

17

Cheri is 28 weeks pregnant, has gone into labor, and is worried about what will happen if her baby is born now. Cheri's baby

18

The wear-and-tear theory of aging suggests that we

19

Morris, age 4, is having lunch with his mother and sister. When his mother pours the milk that is left in the carton into the children's glasses, she finds that there is not enough to fill both glasses, so she carefully pours half of the milk in the shorter, fatter glass in front of Morris and half into a slender, taller glass in front of Morris's sister. Immediately, Morris complains that his sister got more milk than he did, and even when his mother tries to explain that they both got the same amount, Morris insists he is right. In this example, Morris is demonstrating a lack of development in the area of __________.

20

What does the largest early intervention program in the United States provide in addition to one or two years of preschool?

21

Children between ages __________ are especially vulnerable to the effects of TV violence

22

According to Piaget, a form of egocentrism emerges during the formal operational stage in which adolescents have difficulty

23

Which of the following is a leading researcher in the area of resilience?

24

In terms of disclosure, issues such as smoking and drinking fall under which category?

25

Which taste do neonates prefer?

26

A special form of communication called __________ separates the experiences of secure from insecure babies

27

The National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) found that having a fast food restaurant within one-tenth of a mile from a school increased child obesity rates by

28

Which term refers to the assessment of an event to determine whether its implications are positive, negative, or neutral?

29

Genetically,

30

Which statement about Lawrence Kohlberg’s “Heinz dilemma” is true?

31

______ is a form of teaching in which the child is assisted to accomplish something more than the child could do by his- or herself.

32

Describe the development of explicit self-awareness. Include discussion of the concepts of self-recognition and scale errors

Answer: During the second year, toddlers become consciously aware of the self’s physical features. Around age 2, self-recognition—identification of the self as a physically unique being—is well under way. Children point to themselves in photos and refer to themselves by name or with a personal pronoun (“I” or “me”). Soon children identify themselves in images with less detail and fidelity than mirrors. Around age 2½, most reach for a sticker surreptitiously placed on top of their heads when shown themselves in a live video, and around age 3 most recognize their own shadow. Nevertheless, toddlers make scale errors, attempting to do things that their body size makes impossible. For example, they will try to put on dolls’ clothes, sit in a doll-sized chair, or walk through a doorway too narrow for them to pass through. Possibly, toddlers lack an accurate understanding of their own body dimensions. Alternatively, they may simply be exploring the consequences of squeezing into restricted spaces, as they are far less likely to try when the risk of harming themselves is high—for example, if the too-narrow doorway is next to a ledge where they could fall. Scale errors decline between ages 2 and 3½.

33

Preimplantation genetic diagnosis is a reliable method for selecting the sex of a child

34

With puberty, both boys and girls tend to have _____ closeness and _____ conflict with their mothers

35

Chad was involved in a hit-and-run accident and was rushed to the emergency room. Although he is having difficulty speaking, he remembers banging his head on the windshield and nothing after that. T In order to assess damage to the language centers in

36

Explain techniques that are useful and not useful when questioning children in a legal setting.

A good answer would include the following key points:
- Memory is susceptible to disruption, and this is especially true for young children's memories.
- When called upon to testify, as an eyewitness to a crime or as a victim, children can be particularly vulnerable to memory errors and distortions.
- Questioning a child as soon as possible after an event has occurred tends to lessen the possibility of memory disruption.
- Specific questions should be posed, rather than vague or general questions.
- Questioning a child outside of a courtroom or other institutional setting is preferable, to reduce the feelings of intimidation or fright that can result from being in a highly legalistic setting.
- Some techniques, such as the use of anatomically correct dolls during questioning, are not as useful as most proponents would assume.
- A questioner would do well to remember that, like most humans, children's memories are easily influenced and subject to bias.

37

Which best exemplifies the concept of incomplete dominance?

38

Compare and contrast the genetics effect and lifestyle effects on individual aging processes

39

________ fosters a more positive, coherent early self-concept

40

Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of depression?

41

What behavior pattern is most likely to predict a child being rejected by peers?

42

Which statement concerning gifted students is most accurate?

43

What illegal substance, when used by pregnant women, led to an epidemic of thousands of "crack babies"?

44

Research on hearing shows that newborns

45

Throughout adolescence, there is a decrease in _____ moral reasoning and an increase in _____ moral reasoning

46

Girls are more likely to be concerned about the faithfulness of their friends because their friendships are more likely based on a. socialization

47

The proverbial “melting pot” model of culture and identity is better known as the ________________

48

If, as a developmental researcher, one wished to study in-depth the life and mind of Ted Kaczynski-the notorious Unabomber-which method of data collection would one adopt and why?

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Quiz Preview 5; Psychology - Developmental Psychology

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