1. TRUE
Surprise and fear of the unknown are causes of employee resistance. When radically different changes are introduced without warning, without any official announcements, the office rumor mill will go into high gear, and affected employees will become fearful of the implications of the changes. Harvard business scholar Rosabeth Moss Kanter recommends that in such cases a transition manager should be appointed and charged with keeping all relevant parties adequately informed.
2. TRUE
In the unfreezing stage, managers try to instill in employees the motivation to change, encouraging them to let go of attitudes and behaviors that are resistant to innovation. For this "unfreezing" to take place, employees need to become dissatisfied with the old way of doing things.
3. FALSE
In the changing stage, employees need to be given the tools for change: new information, new perspectives, and new models of behavior.
4. FALSE
One technique used in Stage 1, to help unfreeze organizations, is benchmarking, a process by which a company compares its performance with that of high-performing organizations.